International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2018, 8, 1, 33-37.
DOI: 10.4103/jphi.JPHI_95_17
Published: July 2018
Type: Original Article
Authors:
Mohd Alaraj
Department of Pharmacology, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.
Bahaa Deen Al‑Trad
Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Jordan.
Samir Qiblawi
Department of Pharmacology, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.
Audah Al Hazmi
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.
Fahaad S. H. Alenazi
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.
Ashfaque Hossain
Department of Medical Microbiology, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
Tolgahan Acar
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.
Mohammad Almermesh
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.
Mohammed Qumani Ahmed
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The main objectives of this work were to prove that subcutaneous injection of high doses of glucose can lead to occurrence of glycogen granules inside ultrastructurally changed mitochondria of mouse cerebral cortex and to check whether blocking of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) by cyclosporine A would diminish occurrence of these granules inside some mitochondria. By this, we aimed to explore if hyperglycemia‑induced intramitochondrial glycogen granules (HIMG) may represent a molecular pathway through which hyperglycemia may lead to dysfunction of brain mitochondria. Materials and Methods: Electron microscopic studies and histopathological investigations have been carried out. We then incubated samples of brain cortex of mouse injected with high doses of glucose in alpha‑amylase solvent or disolvent alone before being subjected to microscopic examination. Results: Electron microscopy experiments established that the observed granules are built of glycogen. It has been also demonstrated that blocking of MPTP by cyclosporine A diminished occurrence of glycogen inside some mitochondria in cerebral cortex, thus inhibiting hyperglycemia‑induced apoptotic signaling that results from increased vulnerability of mouse brain mitochondria. Concurrently, cyclosporine A partially suppressed the histopathological changes of brain cortex of these animals. Conclusions: Taken together, this study indicates that cytotoxicity of hyperglycemia might occur through HIMG and we postulate this as a key molecular pathway through which hyperglycemia may lead to dysfunction of brain mitochondria. This is the first report showing HIMG as a cytotoxic molecular mechanism in mouse model.
Keywords: Cyclosporine A, Glycogen, Hyperglycemia, Mice, Mitochondria.